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The Evolution Site The theory of evolution by natural selection is the unifying force of modern biology. It brings together disciplines such as genetics, palaeontology and microbiology. However the study of evolutionary theory is often controversial, and the misinformation that results can confuse people about the fundamentals of evolution. This site clarifies the most fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory is based on the gradual and cumulative changes that take place in populations over time. These changes are caused by natural selection, a process that increases the number of organisms who have traits that are beneficial and allow them to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. As a result, these organisms leave more offspring than those that don't possess the beneficial characteristics. This could cause a genetic change which could eventually lead to the creation of new species. The term “evolution” is frequently associated with the idea of “survival of the fittest,” which means that people who are most well-adapted to a specific set of environmental conditions will have an advantage over those who aren't adapted to the environment. In reality this is just one of the many ways in which evolution can occur. Another popular way to use the word evolution is to suggest that a species can change from one state to the next. This type of view of evolution is known as anagenetic or cladogenesis. This is not backed by the scientific definition of evolution. Instead, the scientific theory of evolution focuses on changes that occur within populations over time and these changes are the result of mutations that produce genomic variation and natural selection. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who backed this theory. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed that this was the only way in which the higher living forms could have evolved. In order for a concept to be considered a theory, it has to be capable of surviving rigorous tests and evidence. The evidence for evolution has withstood the test of time and has been supported by countless studies in many scientific disciplines, ranging from biology to geology to chemistry to astronomy. Evolution is the foundation of science and is backed by a majority of scientists around the world. Many people are confused about the nature of the evolution theory particularly how it is connected to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is the scientific explanation of the way living things change over time. It is based on a variety of well-established observable facts such as the fact that more offspring are often created than are likely to survive and that individuals differ from one another in their physical characteristics (phenotype) and that various traits confer varying rates of reproduction and survival and reproduction; and that these traits can be passed on to future generations. These findings are supported by the increasing amount of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology, climatology, functional morphology and geology. The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to provide an explanation for the reason that organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environments. It is the most widely supported and tested theory in the field of science. Its predictions have been proved out by the fact that, for instance more complex organisms have fewer genetic mutations than simpler ones. Additionally, the more efficient an organism is in surviving and reproducing and reproducing, the more likely it will be to pass on its genes to the next generation. Some people are against evolution because they believe it implies that there is no meaning to life. Many scientists who are religious, like the Cambridge Palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014), believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and even enhanced by it. Many highly qualified evolutionary biologists have been involved in constructing and testing the theory of evolution, including some respected evangelical Christian leaders. 에볼루션 룰렛 of these scientists contributed to the understanding a broad range of phenomena, including phylogenetics and genomics, and also the formation and function of fossils. The word “theory” that is often used incorrectly is a reference to a scientific hypothesis that has been tested and refined over a period of time. Scientists test their hypotheses by repeating experiments or observations that resulted in them. Thus, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly tested out as have the corresponding theories of Copernican, atomic and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is the gradual change over time in the ratio of genetically distinct individuals within a particular species. This change is the result of natural selection of those who are more adapted to their environment. The individuals who are more adaptable have a better chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these people survive and reproduce their genes are more prevalent in the population. This is often described as “survival of the strongest.” According to evolution theory, mutations that lead to genomic variation are what triggers evolution. These mutations can occur at random or be influenced by the environment. When mutations occur at random and occur in a random manner, the frequency of the allele can vary from generation-to-generation. In contrast, when an alteration is beneficial it can increase the frequency of the allele, which causes it to spread across the population. The changes in frequency of alleles can result in new species in the course of time. The new species may grow and evolve into newer forms. This process is known as macroevolution. The formation of a new species is usually caused by changes in the environment that provide certain types of resources available or cause new environmental challenges. For instance, the rise of finches in the Galapagos Islands is a result of the abundance of foods and the need to protect themselves from predators. In a broader context it is possible to define evolution as any change in the nature of living organisms over time. The change could be subtle, like the development of a new color or dramatic, like the development of an organ. Scientists who believe in evolution theory generally agree that genetic change is crucial in the process of the process of generating evolution. They also agree that evolution is a process that takes place over time, usually over a period of millions of years. They differ in the importance of various factors that can accelerate or slow down the process. For example, the role of sexual selection, environmental pressures and mutation bias. Despite these differences, the majority of scientists believe that evolution has happened and that evidence for this is overwhelming. What is the evidence for evolution? Throughout the years since Darwin's time, scientists have gathered evidence to support Darwin's theory of evolution. Some of this evidence comes from fossils which reveal the changing traits of living things over time. Other evidence is found in similarities among living organisms embryology, biogeography genetics and comparative anatomy. The primary evidence of evolution is in the evolutionary tree, which demonstrates how different species are connected. Another evidence source is homologous structures, which share a similar structure in different species, but perform distinct functions like the wings of birds and bats. The fact that different species develop and adapt to a similar environment is another sign of evolution. For instance, arctic-foxes and Ptarmigans sport white seasonal pelts that blend into the snow and ice. This is a form of convergent evolutionary process which suggests the species shared common ancestors. Another source of evidence is the existence of vestige structures, which are unutilized organs which could have served a purpose in the distant ancestors. For example, the human appendix is remnants of an earlier organ that served to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size as they are no longer utilized which is a process referred to as natural selection. Scientists have also collected other evidence of evolution via observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution can be grouped into six distinct categories: directly observable changes at a small scale, biogeographic distributions and comparative anatomies fossil records, genetics. Each of these categories offers compelling evidence for the evolution of life. While many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution it is an established fact. It is not simply a flimsy theory. It is a powerful collection of years of observations and data that has been tested and proven. Scientists continue to gather and analyze new data to better understand the evolution of Earth's evolution regardless of whether people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This information will aid scientists to understand how to avoid future global catastrophes and how to best use our planet's resources. This information will also allow us to better serve the needs and desires of all the people living on this planet.